Transform 3.1 是用于数据转换的 SPSS 宏，它提供以下功能：对多个变量计算总分，对多个变量计算平均分，均值中心化，标准化，根据变量分数进行组别编码，特征缩放，反向，经典的正态分布转换，Box-Cox 转换，虚拟编码，构造 Box-Tidwell 交互项，排秩，指数计算，对数计算，取绝对值和四舍五入为整数。其中的大部分功能都可以指定分组变量，在子组内进行转换，并且为大部分转换后的变量提供变量标签。此外，拥有中文版与英文版。

张文彤主讲的SPSS数据统计分析初级班课程讲义，内容详细细致，值得对照学习。

SPSS 23软件下载，适合64位计算机，云盘链接若失效，留言给我重发链接

spss数据预处理极为方便的对数据进行处理，能较好地对数据进行分析，在进行数据分析时对数据进行预处理是极为必要的。

SPSS Modeler简介 SPSS Modeler 原名 Clementine，定－＾久享盛誉的数据挖掘平乙 软件。它提供完全可视化的图形化界面，主要通过数据流的形式实现 数据挖掘整＾过程，具有如下功能： 易学/直观的可视化用户界面：可视化的操作方法，无需在编写代码上 耗费精力和时间、广泛的数据挖掘功能、灵活多样的部署选项。 强劲的自动化建模能力：自动化的数据准备、丰富的模型算法和评估 手段。 开发且可扩展的体系结构：支持SQL推送，在标准数据库内的数据挖 掘。 SPSS Modeler简介 它包括6＾节点区：源数据节点(Sources)、记录处理节点(Record Ops)、字段(变量)处理节点(Field Ops)、图形节点(Graphs)、建立模 型节点(Modeling)和输出节点(Output)，用户建立模型的过程就 定把各＾节点区的节点以连线的方式连在－起。 SPSS Modeler软件从以下＝＾方面提供对中文的全方位支持：可以 读取和写入中文值和中文字段名；完全的中文操作界面和中文结果显 示；全面的中文帮助和中文使用手册，这在国外软件中定很少见的。 SPSS Modeler简介 它包括6＾节点区：源数据节点(Sources)、记录处理节点(Record Ops)、字段(变量)处理节点(Field Ops)、图形节点(Graphs)、建立模 型节点(Modeling)和输出节点(Output)，用户建立模型的过程就 定把各＾节点区的节点以连线的方式连在－起。 SPSS Modeler软件从以下＝＾方面提供对中文的全方位支持：可以 读取和写入中文值和中文字段名；完全的中文操作界面和中文结果显 示；全面的中文帮助和中文使用手册，这在国外软件中定很少见的。 SPSS Modeler安装 这里使用的版本为SPSS Modeler 14.1。可从官网或者网站 http://www.tipdm.org/jmgj/568.jhtml下载，双击安装盘根目录下 的setup.exe文件即可安装(注意：安装版本位数需与系统位数相匹配)。 安装过程默认点击下－步即可完成安装，点击安装目录bin目录下的 modelerclient.exe启动SPSS Modeler，或者通过开始菜单中快捷方 式启动SPSS Modeler 。

An Introduction to this Course Definitions & classifications of research, and research procedures The concept of variables Quantitative research design Questionnaire survey Item analysis,validity & reliability Data exploring Descriptive statistics Inferential statistics Writing a research proposal Reporting a research Research evaluation

Data sources: primary, secondary Objectives: descriptive, exploratory, correlational, explanatory Time for data collection: cross-sectional, longitudinal (panel, trend) Data types: qualitative, quantitative (survey, experimental) Primary: studies based on primary, or original, data sources, such as classroom observations or real students, or their test scores, or their responses to a questionnaire. Secondary: studies based on secondary sources such as other researhers’ books and articles, including library research and literature reviews. Descriptive: studies involving the collection of data in order to test hypotheses or to answer questions concerning the current status of the subjects of the study. Exploratory: studies conducted into an issue or problem where there are few or no earlier studies to refer to. The focus is on gaining insights and familiarity for later investigation. Correlational: The basic question for descriptive research is - "What are the values of a number of variables for a given sample of subjects. The basic research question for correlation research is - What is the relationship between two or more variables for a given set of subjects. Notice that we said relationship between variables and not the effect of one variable on another variable. In descriptive research we are just describing our subjects in terms of one or more variables, while in correlational research we are looking at the relationship between the variables. Correlational: The basic question for descriptive research is - "What are the values of a number of variables for a given sample of subjects. The basic research question for correlation research is - What is the relationship between two or more variables for a given set of subjects. Notice that we said relationship between variables and not the effect of one variable on another variable. In descriptive research we are just describing our subjects in terms of one or more variables, while in correlatio

Functions of a research proposal Planning tool for the researcher Rough draft of the final research report Convincing others that your research is worth undertaking Demonstrating expertise and competency in your particular area of study

单样本t检验 独立样本t检验 配对样本t检验 单因素方差分析 Normal distribution and sampling distribution Normal distribution is made up of individual scores. Sampling distribution is composed of group means. With more groups means, a curve of their distribution would be symmetric. This symmetric curve is not called a normal distribution but rather a sampling distribution of means A sampling distribution is the distribution of a sample statistic that would be obtained if all possible samples of the same size were drawn from a given population.

Pearson Correlation The Pearson correlation allows us to establish the strength of relationships between continuous variables. To show the relationship, the first step is to draw a scatterplot or scattergram, which can help us to obtain a preliminary understanding of this relationship. The scatterplot can be described in terms of direction, strength and linearity. Correlation and SPSS Pearson product-moment coefficient is designed for interval level (continuous) variables. It can also be used if you have one continuous variable (e.g., scores on a measure of self-esteem) and one dichotomous variable (e.g., sex: M/F). Spearman rank order correlation is designed for use with ordinal level or ranked data. SPSS will calculate two types of correlation. First, it will give a simple bivariate correlation (which just means between two variables), also known as zero-order correlation. SPSS will also explore the relationship between two variables, while controlling for another variable. This is known as partial correlation.