Postgresql(16.0) 编译安装相关依赖包

postgresql

在Linux环境中，PostgreSQL是一种广泛使用的开源对象关系数据库系统。对于那些没有互联网连接或者网络环境受限的服务器，离线安装是必要的。本文将详细介绍如何在Linux服务器上进行PostgreSQL 16.0的离线编译安装，以及相关依赖包的处理。离线安装意味着你需要提前下载所有必要的依赖包。在描述中提到的"Postgresql 离线安装rpm依赖包"压缩文件中，包含了安装PostgreSQL 16.0所需的RPM包。RPM（Red Hat Package Manager）是Linux系统中常用的软件包管理器，它能够方便地安装、升级、查询和删除软件。在开始安装前，确保你的系统已经更新并且安装了基础的开发工具，如`gcc`（C编译器）、`make`（自动化构建工具）以及`curl`或`wget`（用于下载文件）。这些可以通过运行以下命令来安装： ```bash sudo yum install -y gcc make curl ``` 如果你的系统使用的是`apt`包管理器，相应的命令是： ```bash sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install -y build-essential curl ``` 接下来，解压离线安装的RPM依赖包。你可以使用`tar`命令解压`.tar.gz`文件，或者使用`rpm2cpio`和`cpio`来处理`.rpm`文件： ```bash # 对于.tar.gz文件 tar -zxvf Postgresql 离线安装rpm依赖包 # 对于.rpm文件 rpm2cpio 文件名.rpm | cpio -idmv ``` 一旦依赖包被解压，你可以通过`yum`或`apt`的本地安装功能来安装它们。在`yum`中，创建一个本地仓库目录，并将所有RPM文件复制到该目录： ```bash mkdir /var/www/html/pgsql_repo cp *.rpm /var/www/html/pgsql_repo/ # 更新本地yum仓库 yum --disablerepo=* --enablerepo=pgsql_repo clean all yum --disablerepo=* --enablerepo=pgsql_repo install postgresql* ``` 如果是`apt`，你需要创建一个`.deb`仓库并使用`dpkg`和`gdebi`来安装： ```bash mkdir -p /mnt/debs cp *.rpm /mnt/debs/ # 将.rpm转换为.deb alien -i *.rpm # 安装转换后的.deb文件 sudo dpkg -i *.deb ``` 在安装完依赖包后，你可以从源代码编译安装PostgreSQL 16.0。从官方站点下载源代码： ```bash wget https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/source/v16.0/postgresql-16.0.tar.gz tar -zxvf postgresql-16.0.tar.gz cd postgresql-16.0/ ``` 配置编译选项，根据你的需求选择合适的配置，例如： ```bash ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pgsql --with-openssl --with-pam --with-uuid=e2fs ``` 然后进行编译和安装： ```bash make sudo make install ``` 你需要设置初始化数据库、创建用户、启动服务等步骤。在PostgreSQL的安装目录下执行初始化： ```bash cd /usr/local/pgsql/bin/ ./initdb -D /usr/local/pgsql/data ``` 创建默认的数据库角色和启动服务： ```bash ./pg_ctl -D /usr/local/pgsql/data -l logfile start createuser -U postgres -P createdb -U postgres mydatabase ``` 至此，你已成功离线编译安装了PostgreSQL 16.0。请记得根据实际环境调整安装步骤，例如设置环境变量、启动脚本、服务管理等。同时，定期关注官方更新，以便及时获取安全修复和新特性。

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